> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://frontier-va.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Bad Weather

Special Operating Procedure for bad weather.

## De-Icing Procedures

* **When to De-Ice?**
  * Prior to takeoff when frost, ice, or snow is present on wings, tail, control surfaces, or engine inlets.
  * When ambient temperature is \< 0°c (32°F) and precipitation is occuring or has recently occured.
* **Type of De-Icing Fluid.**

  <AccordionGroup>
    <Accordion title="Type I">
      * **Fluid Color**
        * Red, Orange or Pink
      * **Longest Hold Time for Snow**
        * 11 Minutes
      * **Rotation Speed**
        * No Minimum
    </Accordion>

    <Accordion title="Type II">
      * **Fluid Color**
        * Clear
      * **Longest Hold Time for Snow**
        * 1 Hour and 30 Minutes
      * **Rotation Speed**
        * 100 to 110 Knots
    </Accordion>

    <Accordion title="Type III">
      * **Fluid Color**
        * Clear-Yellow
      * **Longest Hold Time for Snow**
        * 20 Minutes
      * **Rotation Speed**
        * 60 Knots
    </Accordion>

    <Accordion title="Type IV">
      * **Fluid Color**
        * Green
      * **Longest Hold Time for Snow**
        * 2 Hours
      * **Rotation Speed**
        * 100 to 110 Knots
    </Accordion>
  </AccordionGroup>

Most times, in commercial aviation Type IV is used.

* **Procedure**
  * Ensure the aircraft is fully stopped.
  * Request de-icing and ensure the proper fluid is applied.
  * Verify all critical surfaces to ensure they are free from contamination before taxi.

## Contaminated Runway Procedures

* **Takeoff**
  * Reduce takeoff weight if runway braking action is poor.
  * Use full thrust and reduce the use of reduced thrust.
  * Apply maximum braking distance calculations and consult NOTAMs for braking reports.
* **Landing**
  * Increase approach speed according to contamination.
  * Use autobrake or manual braking per conditions.
  * consider reverse thrust while monitoring directional control.

<Danger>
  **Go-Around Policy** -> If two Go-Arounds are executed, diversion to alternate airport is mandatory.
</Danger>

## Contaminated Taxiways

* Reduce taxi speed to maintain directional control.
* Avoid abrupt turns and braking to prevent skidding.
* Use minimal reverse thrust if necessary.
* Confirm taxiway friction reports and follow ATC guidance.

## Adverse Weather Operations

* **Thunderstorms and Lightning**
  * Avoid flight through thunderstorms; maintain safe distance (> 20 NM from storm cells).
  * Ensure anti-icing systems are activated when operating near convective activity.
* **Wind Shear**
  * Perform wind shear escape maneuver.
  * Monitor sudden airspeed, altitude or vertical speed deviations.
* **Heavy rain**
  * Increase landing distance calculations.
  * Activate windshield wipers and anti-ice if temperatures near freezing.
* **Heavy Snow**
  * Confirm runway and taxiway conditions before departure and monitor during flight and approach.
  * Use de-icing and anti-icing procedures as necessary.

## Bad Visibility and Zero Visibility

* Follow CAT II/III approach procedures if aircraft is certified.
* Rely on autopilot and autoland systems where available.
* Maintain situational awareness using ILS and ATC guidance.
* Avoid operations below minimum visibility unless specifically authorized.

## Anti-Ice Systems

* Activate wing and engine anti-ice when:
  * Ice or snow accumulation is observed or forecasted.
  * Temperature \<5°C (41°F) and visible moisture is present.
* Verify system operation prior to takeoff.

## Engine Ignition Settings

* Use continuous ignition during:
  * Takeoff and landing in heavy rain, snow or turbulence.
  * Flight through thunderstorms or moderate-to-severe precipitation.
* Confirm ignition selector is set to CONT/ON for your engines in use.

## Aircraft Landing Configuration

* Flap, slat and trim settings should be adjusted according to contaminated runway performance charts/calculations.
* Ensure anti-skid and spoilers are armed.
* Check all warning systems for ice detection.
* If needed; activate anti-ice for wings and engines.

## Takeoff/Landing Considerations

* **Takeoff Considerations**
  * Compute V1, VR and V2 speeds for contaminated runways.
  * Use maximum runway length available.
  * Review rejected takeoff procedures for snowy or slippery conditions.
  * Confirm all de-icing and anti-icing measures are complete.
* **Landing Considerations**
  * Approach at higher-than-normal speed if runway is contaminated.
  * Touchdown on the main wheels first.
  * Deploy spoilers and brakes smoothly.
  * Avoid floating over the runway, a firm landing should be preferred.
  * Use reverse thrust as needed while monitoring directional control.
  * Landing in the touchdown zone, on the thousand markers is preferred.

<Danger>
  **Go-Around Policy** -> If two Go-Arounds are executed, diversion to alternate airport is mandatory.
</Danger>

## Any questions or concerns?

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